Karl Graul (6 February 1814 – 10 November 1864) was a leader of Leipzig Lutheran mission and a Tamil scholar. He was born in a poor weaver family in Germany.
Karl Graul was appointed the director of the Lutheran Leipzig Mission in 1844. The Lutheran mission had succeeded the Danish-Hale mission in South India. During his stay in India, Graul mastered the Tamil language. After returning to Leipzig in 1853 he taught Tamil language and literature at the mission house. Later Graul wrote Bibilotheca Tamulica seu Opera Praecipua Tamuliensium (1854–1865).
Tirukkural
Karl Graul, also spelled Charles Graul, published a German translation of the Tamil classic Tirukkural in 1856 CE, reprinted in many editions as well as re-translated into other European languages such as English. It included Beschi’s Latin translation.
Graul stated the Christian missionary Beschi gave a “Christian coloring” as he translated and interpreted this South Indian text. He himself speculated that this was probably a Buddhist or Jaina text, one that was “appropriated” by Shaiva Hindus sometime in distant history. He recommended that Christian missionaries seeking to influence and convert Tamil Hindu “heathendom” should study this text because they “breathe and live” this text.
This Kraul translation was published in 1865, the author died before 1865 according to this publication
KURAL OF TIRUVALLUVER HIGH TAMIL TEXT translated into common TAmil and Latin Notes and Glossary
Graul Charles.
Published by Brockhaus, Leipzig, 1865
About the Book
Description: ex library with bookplate and perforation mark on tp 335 pages. Seller Inventory # 258360
Bibliographic Details
Title: KURAL OF TIRUVALLUVER HIGH TAMIL TEXT …
Publisher: Brockhaus, Leipzig
Publication Date: 1865
Binding: Cloth
Book Condition: Good
From Schoen Books (South Deerfield, MA, U.S.A.)
Published in 1865
அகர முதல எழுத்தெல்லாம் ஆதி
பகவன் முதற்றே உலகு.
குறள் 391:
கற்க கசடறக் கற்பவை கற்றபின்
நிற்க அதற்குத் தக
Vedagiri Mudaliar
In 1850, Mudaliar published the entire Kural text with commentaries for the first time in history. Though the work had been published with commentaries a few years earlier by Mahalinga Iyer, that work only had the first 24 chapters of the classical work published. A revised edition of the publication was released posthumously in 1853 by Mudaliar’s sons Arumuga Mudaliar and Kandasamy Mudaliar.
DID YOU KNOW: Mudaliar’s work has the distinction of being used by Ramalinga Adigal, who launched a movement to teach the classic to the masses.
Vedagiri Mudaliar hailed from Kalathur, originally called Ponvilaintha Kalathur, a small town near Chengalpattu in Tamil Nadu. Mudaliar taught Tamil in Madurai Tamil Sangam. He also established a printing press exclusively for the purpose of printing Tamil materials.
Ex-Library
Yeshiva University is a private Orthodox Jewish university with four campuses in New York City.
Etz Chaim Yeshiva (Manhattan) was founded in 1886 on the Lower East Side of Manhattan, New York. It was founded as a cheder-style elementary school and, over time, became the basis of Yeshiva College and Yeshiva University.
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